The Neorealist writer Yevgeny Zamyatin held the literary heritage of Anton Chekhov in high esteem, considering him an innovator of Realism in the Russian literature. In this paper we will analyze Zamyatin’s critical articles and notes of his lectures, interpret Chekhov’s poetics through the perception of a writer of the next generation, and thus, elucidate the relations between Chekhov as a prose writer and Chekhov as a dramatist.